(1) PRINCIPLE QUANTUM NUMBER :-
The principle quantum numbers telling about the distance of electrons from nucleus and energy.
Its represented by n,
The total maximum number of electrons in orbit = 2n²,
K orbit n=1, 2n² = 2× 1² = 2
L orbit n= 2, 2n² = 2× 2² = 8
M orbit n= 3, 2n² = 2× 3² = 18
N orbit n= 4, 2n² = 2× 4² = 32
(2) AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBER :-
It's telling about different types of subshell present in the shell.
It's represented by 'l'.
For the given value of 'n' this value of 'l' will be 0 (zero) to ( n- 1)
The subshell are designated by small letters, s, p, d, f,........ This letter's comes from sharply, principle diffuse and fundamental lines of series in atomic spectra.
K shell, n=1, l=0 →s - subshell
L shell, n=2, l=0,1 →s,p- subshell
M shell, n=3, l=0,1,2 →s, p, d, - subshell
N shell, n=4, l=0,1,2,3, →s, p, d, f subshell
The maximum numbers of electrons in subshell = 4l +2.
s-subshell = 2. p- subshell =6
d- subshell = 10. f subshell = 14
The shapes of the s-subshell is symmetrical spherical shape, p- subshell is dumbbell shape, d- subshell is double dumbbell shape, f- subshell is complicated (exactly not identified)
The atomic orbital angular momentum of electron is determined by,
mvr = h/2π √l (l+1)
(3) MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER :-
It's telling about the orbitals of which a given subshell is composed,
It's represented by "m"
This values of magnetic quantum number will be + l to - l and including zero.
Note : subshell (or) sublevel, both are same
Magnetic quantum number is also called orientation quantum numbers.
(4) SPIN - QUANTUM NUMBER :-
It's telling about the spinning electron around and it's own axis. It's represented by "s"
The spin angular momentum of the electrons = h/2π √ s( s+ 1)
"s" can have two values +1/2 and - 1/2
↑ ↓
s = + 1/2 s = - 1/2
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