When energy is released when light nuclei fuse together to give higher atomic elements number. The nuclear reaction in a α - particle, fuses with a carbon - 12 nucleus to give oxygen - 16 nucleus and γ- rays photon emitted.
¹²₆C + ⁴₂α→¹⁶₈O+γ
Actually this reaction released 7.2MeV of energy. The nuclear reaction are much more energy than normal chemical reactions because the strong force is more stronger than electromagnetic forces that binds electron to nuclei. Typically chemical reaction release about 10³kj mol-¹, this reaction typically releases a million times more energy, about 10⁹ kj/mol, in this nuclear reaction the nuclide, a nucleus of specific atomic number Z and mass number A, designated E, where E is the chemical symbol of the element. The balanced nuclear equation sum of the mass number of the reactants is equal to sum of mass number of the products (12+4=16)
The atomic number of sum similarly (6+2=8) provided, e- when it appears asa β particles, is denoted -₁⁰e and a positron, e⁺, it's denoted ⁰₁e. A positron is a actually (+) charged version of an electron. It has zero mass number (but not zero mass) a single + charge. When it's emitted the mass number of the nuclide is unchanged but the atomic number decrease by 1. Because the nucleus has lost one + charge. It's emission is equivalent to the conversion of a proton in the nucleus into neutron. ₁¹P →₀¹ₙ +e⁺₊v. A neutrino, ʋ(nu), is electrically neutral and has and very small possibilities of mass.
The chemical elements upto Z=0 was formed inside the stars. Such elements are products of the nuclear fusion reaction referring to as " NUCLEAR BURNING" the burning reactions shouldn't be confused with chemical combustion, involved HYDROGEN and HELIUM nuclei and complicated fusion cycles catalysed by C nuclei, Stars formed in the early stages of evolution of the cosmos lacked by nuclei, and uses non-catalysed Hydrogen - burning reactions.
Some of the important nuclear reaction in the cycle :,
Proton capture by carbon - 12 ¹²₆C+p→¹³₇N+ γ
Positron decay by neutrino(v) emission
¹³₇N→¹³₆C+e⁺+v
Proton capture by carbon - 13
¹³₆C+¹₁p→¹⁴₇N+γ
Proton capture by nitrogen - 14
¹⁴₇N+¹₁p→¹⁵₈O+γ
Positron decay neutrino emission :
¹⁵₈O→¹⁵₇N+e⁺+v
Proton capture by nitrogen -15
¹⁵₇N+¹₁p→¹²₆C+⁴₂α
The net result of this nuclear reaction is the converted to four proton in to alpha particle. The another contrast between nuclear and chemical reactions, because chemical reactions take place at temperature a hundred thousand times lower. But moderately energetic collision between the species can result in a chemical change, but highly vigorously collision can provide the energy requiring to bring about most nuclear processes.
4 ¹₁P→²₂α+2e⁺+2v+3γ
An electronvolt (1eV) is the energy require to move electron through a potential difference is 1V. It's followed that 1eV =1.602⨯10⁻¹⁹j. wich is equivalent to 96.48 kj mol⁻¹,1MeV=10⁶eV.
This reaction in the rapid temperature between 5 and 10 MK ( 1MK=10⁶k)
The another contrast between the nuclear and chemical reactions, take place at temperature a hundred thousand times lower,. Moderately energetic collision between the species can results in chemical energy, but highly vigorous collisions provide the energy require to bring about most of the nuclear processes.
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