∆m is the mass of defect and speed of light C, in vaccum (2.99792458×10⁸ m/s).
∆E= (∆m)C² equation (1)
According to theory of relatively by Einstein, energy and mass are interchangeable. This is reason that subatomic particles of the masses often with units of energy MeV/C². solvinɡ the equation (1) for C² using units one obtains equality that C²= 931.494 MeV/amu.
The energy split to a nuclide is always lesser than sum parts of it's. The defect of mass particle defined as difference between all the subatomic particles comprise that nuclide or atom and mass of the isotope itself.
Example:
Calculate nuclear binding energy of α particles it's mass is 4.00151 amu.
Answer : alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus. masses of two neutrons (2* 1.008665 amu) and two protons (2*1.007276 amu) is 4.03188 amu. The mass defect is 4.03188- 4.00151=0.03037 amu. Given that 1 amu = 1.6605×10-²⁷ kg.and speed of the light in a vaccum is 2.9979× 10⁸ m/s.
∆E= (∆m) C²=(0.03037amu)
( 1.6605⨯10-²⁷/1amu) (2.9979×10⁸m/s)²
∆E= 4.532 ×10-¹² j (6.022× 10²³ mol-¹) = 2.729× 10¹²j/mol
As 1 eV= 96485j/mol, E= 2.829× 10⁷ eV or 28.29 MeV. It's is more useful, to compare the binding energy of one nucleus with that of another of MeV/nucleons or 7.072 MeV/ nucleon. Alternatively, the nuclear binding energy can be directly calculated in MeV using this values.
∆E= (2* 938.272+2* 939.565)-(4.00151*931.494)= 28.29MeV
∆E=28.29MeV/4=7.073MeV/ nucleon.
In nuclear chemistry entropy is normally zero. The energy of nuclear binding can be measure of the stability of a particular nucleus
Isotopes of atom different nuclear binding energy functions of the mass number around 60 have largest binding energies per nucleon. For example, Fe and Ni, prevalence of these elements in planetary cores. The maximum Nuclear binding energy occurs ⁵⁷Fe, which helps to confirm overall cosmic abundance,. Fe is believed to be 10th most prevalent element in the universe..,
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