STANDARD MODEL OF ATOM - PARTICLES

Atom is the very tiniest particle of an chemical element that retaining the most essential chemical properties. And it was recognisized indivisible particles of matter. 1936's Anderson studied some properties of cosmic radiation when he was notified a new different types of negative charged particles and it deflected by magnetic field to a less extent than the electron. The subatomic particles Of MUON has the same charge as the electron. But it has amount of mass is about that 200 times bigger which explains why it's not deflected as much like an electron. Muons are not a very stable particles but they have lifetime 2.197×10-⁶ seconds. Mouns occurring when cosmic radiation interact with matter also generating larger quantities. Muons particles represents one strange beast in whole of subatomic particles also hadrons, baryons, mesons, quarks, gluons, pions, and neutrinos.

Incorporates standard model of theory verification of quarks by experimental in 1970's. According to this theory total number of 61 elementary particles. But matter composed of only one 6 types of lepton and six types of quarks. Leptons and quarks are composed of fermions. The fermions has spin quantum number 1/2 and it's obey the pauli exclusive principle. The varies combination of these fundamental particles that makes larger particles such as proton and neutron. For example, a proton composed of 2 up quarks and 1 down quarks.

The twelve fundamental particles makes has corresponding  Antiparticles. The all Antiparticles have same mass as a fundamental particles. But exactly to the opposite electrical charge. The Antiparticles of electrons instance positron which has mass approximately 9.109×10-¹⁹ kg like the electron, but electrical charge +1.602×10-¹⁹. However a particle and it's antiparticle colloid they annihilate each other and create the energy. In addition to the twelve fundamental particles and their antiparticles, they also force - carrying particles such as the photon.

The twelve fundamental particles (leptons in green and quarks in purple) and force - carrying particles (in red) that comprise the standard model particles. The Higg boson, is newly discovered.

six different colours of quarks, arranged into pairs by their generatios. The numbers inside each quark represents their respective charges.

                          There are 4 types of fundamental forces in the universe, 

1) Gravity - which affects anything with mass

2) Weak force- which affects all particles

3) Electromagnetism - which affects anything with charge

4) Strong force - which affects quarks. 

                   There are six quarks only and arranged pairs of particles. The first quark spin +2/3, second quark spin - 1/3

                  Quarks, always appear together in composed particles and leptons prefer to exit on their own. The leptons don't carry charge and not influenced by strong force. 

                   The electrons, muon and tau are negatively charged particles. It's charge 1.602×10-¹⁹ . differing only their masses. Neutrinos have no charge especially difficult to detect. The electron neutrino has extremely tiny mass and can pass through ordinary matter. The heaviest leptons not found ordinary matter because they decay very quickly into lighter leptons whereas electrons and three kinds of neutrinos are stable.  

A proton which made 2 up and 1 down quarks and a neutron made from 1 up and 2 down quarks. Diameter of the neutron and proton are roughly drawn to scale 1.6 fm. The quarks are 1000 times smaller than a neutron or proton.